• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    converter based on double power induction generator (dfig) and method for improved sustained operation during mains failure, a converter based on dual power induction generator (dfig) and method in which current spikes on the rotor side are presented they are attenuated using damping resistance connected in series in response to the occurrence of a grid fault or a grid fault removal.
    公开号:BR102013007059B1
    申请号:R102013007059-9
    申请日:2013-03-26
    公开日:2020-09-15
    发明作者:Haihui Lu；Zhenhuan Yuan；Lixiang Wei；Russel Kerkman；Richard Lukaszewski；Ahmed Mohamed Sayed Ahmed
    申请人:Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FUNDAMENTALS
    Dual power induction generators (DFIGs) are generally used in wind energy conversion systems (WECs) to interface between a wind turbine and an electrical power network. Wind power systems are gaining popularity for power generation as a form of "green technology" that does not consume fossil fuels, but instead converts wind-generated energy to supply electricity distribution networks. DFIG-based converters convert mechanical energy generated by wind turbines into AC electrical energy in a grid-compatible manner, typically including a rotor driven by a turbine through a gearbox to supply power to a network through stator connections. The DFIG rotor windings are connected to a back-to-back converter that includes a rotor-side converter connected between the rotor windings and a DC circuit, combined with a network-side converter connected between the DC circuit and the network.
    The DFIG system supplies power from the DFIG stator windings to the grid with the frequency of the DFIG rotor often different from a setpoint corresponding to the grid frequency. DFIG-based converters operate essentially in one of two modes, depending on the rotor's rotation speed. For rotor speeds below the rated speed of rotation, part of the stator energy is supplied to the rotor through the converters, with the converter stage on the network side acting as a rectifier to supply power to the intermediate circuit and the converter on the side rotor by inverting DC energy into energy for the rotor windings. When the rotor speed is above the rated value, the rotor currents are used to supply the intermediate circuit, and the grid-side converter acts as an inverter to supply power to the grid.
    The DFIG-based converter can also control the rotor currents to establish the active and reactive power supplied to the grid from the stator regardless of the rotor speed, and the DFIG generator is capable of both importing and exporting reactive power. This capability advantageously allows the DFIG system to support the grid during severe voltage disturbances (for example, grid voltage drop conditions). The DFIG architecture also allows DFIG to remain synchronized with the grid while the speed of the wind turbine changes, where variable speed wind turbines use wind energy more efficiently than fixed speed turbines. The DFIG generator is typically constructed with significantly more rotor windings than stator windings, so that the rotor currents are lower than the stator currents. Consequently, a relatively small back-to-back converter with components sized for operation within a given speed range of the rotor can be used.
    However, transient voltages of the DFIG rotor after mains faults are greater than the stator and mains voltages, and therefore the rotor side converter and the intermediate DC circuit are particularly susceptible to voltage transients caused by mains disturbances such as as occurrences of faults in the mains voltage drop and the removal of these faults. Likewise, DFIG-based converters are typically subjected to high current peaks after the occurrence and removal of faults in the network, where current peaks in the rotor windings can exceed three times the nominal value, depending on the dispersion inductance and the resistance of the rotor, and can trigger hardware overcurrent and / or overvoltage protection circuits to shut down the converter. In particular, high current can flow through antiparallel diodes in the rotor side converter even when the corresponding rotor switching devices are switched off. If this happens, the DFIG system is not controlled during the critical network fault time and therefore the system cannot support the network.
    Previous attempts to resolve sustained operating problems during DFIG grid faults have included the use of short circuit AC circuits on the rotor side to divert current from the rotor side converter during mains faults, but if the short circuit resistance circuit is too low, the current spikes on the rotor side may still be excessive. In addition, if the short-circuit resistance is too high, transient voltages can still charge the DC bus resulting in high charging current flowing through the antiparallel diodes (no load) of the rotor-side converter, even if the corresponding inverter are switched off. Other attempts include the insertion of a series damping resistor with the DFIG stator windings, which can shorten the transient duration, but has little effect on reducing current peaks on the rotor side. Consequently, there remains a need for improved DFIG-based converters and techniques to prevent or mitigate the loss of control of the DFIG system for sustained operation during mains failures, especially for sustained low voltage operation. SUMMARY
    Several aspects of the present invention are now summarized to facilitate a basic understanding of the invention, where this summary is not an extensive overview of the invention, nor is it intended to identify certain elements of the invention, nor to outline its scope. Instead, the main purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified way before the more detailed description that is presented below.
    The present disclosure involves the use of damping resistors connected in series as well as bypass switching devices coupled to a converter on the rotor side of the DFIG, so that current peaks on both the rotor side and the stator side can be advantageously reduced . This, in turn, facilitates the continued control of the DFIG-based converter and the prevention or mitigation of damage to the components of the rotor-side converter during mains failures including mains voltage drop conditions. In addition, the equipment and techniques of sustained operation during network faults of the revealed DFIG-based converter can be adapted according to detected DFIG system currents or other operating conditions to provide improved response to network faults occurrences and removals .
    According to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, energy conversion systems for operation with dual-feed induction generators (DFIGs) are disclosed, which include a rotor-side converter, a network-side converter, equipment series damping, and a damping controller. The damping equipment in some embodiments is coupled between the DFIG rotor terminals and the rotor side converter for damping AC rotor currents. In other embodiments, the damping equipment is coupled in series between the rotor-side and network-side converters to dampen intermediate DG currents that would otherwise charge the DG link capacitance. The series damping equipment includes one or more series damping circuits with a series damping circuit resistance and a series damping switching circuit coupled in parallel to each other. In a first mode (for example, normal), the switching circuit is closed or conductive to bypass the damping resistor and therefore prevent current flow through the damping resistor. In a second mode (for example, damping), the switching device of the damping equipment opens to allow current flow through the damping resistor. The damping controller establishes the mode of operation of the series damping switching circuit based entirely or partially on the occurrence of a grid fault or the removal of a grid fault.
    In some embodiments, a damping circuit is connected in series with each or at least two of the rotor's AC lines. When such AC damping is used, the series damping switching circuit is bidirectional to allow current flow in both directions during normal operation. In other embodiments, DC damping is performed using one or more damping circuits connected to the positive and / or negative DC bus lines on the DC side of the converter on the rotor side. In such embodiments, the series damping switching circuit can be bidirectional.
    In some embodiments, in addition, the damping controller provides a damping control signal to set the damping switching circuit or circuits to the damping mode during a fixed damping period for a fault occurrence or removal. In other modalities, the damping controller discontinues the damping operation based entirely or partially on a monitored DFIG system health parameter. For example, the controller can adjust the damping switching circuit back to normal mode as soon as the stator or rotor current drops below a predetermined threshold value.
    In accordance with additional aspects of the disclosure, a method for operating a DFIG-based converter is provided, which includes activating one or more series damping circuits to conduct current through a series damping resistor coupled in series between the rotor of the DFIG and the rotor side converter, or coupled to the intermediate link of the DG link, in response to a fault occurrence in the network or a fault removal in the network. The method also includes selectively bypassing the series damping resistor following activation of the series damping circuit. In some modalities, one or more DFIG operating conditions are monitored and the time period between activation and deviation is established based at least partially on the monitored operating condition.
    Additional aspects of the disclosure involve computer-readable media that have computer-executable instructions for operating a DFIG-based converter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The following description and drawings show some illustrative implementations of the disclosure in detail, which are indicative of several exemplary ways in which the various principles of disclosure can be realized. The illustrated examples, however, are not exhaustive of the many possible modalities of disclosure. Other objectives, advantages and new features of the invention will be shown in the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary wind energy system with a DFIG-based converter which has a series damping circuit coupled to the DFIG rotor windings as well as a damping controller for sustained operation during grid failure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating additional details of a DFIG-based back-to-back converter and damping control system for sustained operation during grid failure in the system in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary series damping circuit with damping resistors and associated switches connected between the DFIG rotor and the rotor side converter on two or more rotor lines; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating yet another example series damping circuit with damping resistors and corresponding switches coupled on lines of the positive and negative DG bus between the rotor-side converter and the network-side converter; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary damping circuit with a damping resistor and associated switch connected to a single line on the DG bus; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary bidirectional switching device in the series damping circuit that includes a single IGBT and four diodes for selective damping of an AC connection between the DFIG rotor and the rotor side converter; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary two-way switching device that includes a pair of IGBTs and associated diodes coupled in antiparallel for AC damping between the DFIG rotor and the rotor side converter; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example bidirectional damping circuit with a single IGBT and four diodes in parallel with a damping resistor for damping a DC connection between the rotor-side converter and the network-side converter ; Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating several waveforms of the DFIG-based converter showing large rotor current peaks caused by occurrences of a balanced fault in the mains voltage drop and removal of the drop in conventional DFIG-based converters; Fig. 10 is a graph illustrating waveforms of the DFIG-based converter showing the reduction of the rotor current peaks for occurrences and removals of a balanced fault from a voltage drop in the DFIG-based converter of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 11 is a graph showing waveforms of the DC link voltage and the stator voltage in the DFIG-based converter of Figs. 1 and 2 together with a damping control signal waveform according to one or more aspects of the disclosure; Fig. 12 is a graph illustrating various waveforms of the DFIG-based converter showing large peaks of the rotor current caused by occurrences and removals of the phase-to-ground voltage drop in the grid in conventional DFIG-based converters; Fig. 13 is a graph illustrating waveforms of the DFIG-based converter showing reduced rotor current peaks for grid voltage drop-to-ground fault occurrences and removals in the DFIG-based converter of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 14 is a graph showing waveforms of the stator voltage and current as well as a waveform of the damping control signal in the DFIG-based converter of Figs. 1 and 2 for occurrences and removals of the phase-phase-to-earth fault in the DFIG-based converter of Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 15 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method of operating a DFIG-based converter according to additional aspects of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Referring now to the figures, various modalities or implementations of the present invention are hereinafter described in conjunction with the drawings, where similar reference numerals are used to refer to similar elements throughout the description, and where the various configurations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The present disclosure provides techniques and equipment to selectively dampen currents on the rotor side in response to the occurrence and / or removal of fault conditions in the network in systems based on dual power induction generators (DFIGs). These concepts find use in any application of DFIG technology, including without limitation wind power systems, and can be used advantageously to facilitate the use of a DFIG system to support an electricity grid during power failure conditions. In addition, the techniques and equipment of the present disclosure can be used in connection with a variety of fault types in the network. In particular, so-called voltage drop network faults can be mitigated by a DFIG system that selectively establishes the active and reactive powers supplied to (or removed from) the network in a controlled manner. However, it will be understood that the system and methods disclosed herein can be used to operate a DFIG-based converter system during any type of grid fault, and that the equipment and techniques are not limited by the specific applications illustrated and described hereinafter.
    An exemplary wind power converter (WEC) or wind power system (WES) 2 is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, including a double power induction generator (DFIG) based conversion system that includes a DFIG 40 and associated mechanical drive components, as well as a DFIG 100 based converter according to various aspects of the present disclosure . The illustrated system 2 includes a turbine 10 with a stepper motor 20 providing rotary mechanical power Pmec to drive a gearbox 30 with an output shaft mechanically coupled to a rotor 42 of the DFIG 40. The rotor windings of the DFIG 42a (mono or multiphase) transfer power between rotor 42 and a DFIG-based back-to-back converter 100 through a connection of rotor 102. The DFIG 40 has a stator 44 with windings 44a coupled to an AC 50 network via a circuit breaker 108 (Kl) of the converter based on DFIG 100 and of a transformer 52, although circuit breaker 108 can be omitted in some modalities. The DFIG 40 is coupled to the converter based on DFIG 100 through a connection of rotor 102 and a connection of stator 104 which include electrical connections that can be connected to the terminals of the rotor and stator 42a and 44a, respectively. Converter 100 also includes a mains connection 106 and may, but not necessarily, include transformer 52. In the illustrated embodiments, an internal connection is provided between the transformer lines and mains connection 106, circuit breaker 108 and an output filter converter 180 formed by line inductors Lg or an LCL filter. In some embodiments, filter 180 may be omitted, or filter components external to the converter based on DFIG 100 may be provided.
    The converter 100 is a back-to-back structure with a converter circuit on the rotor side 140 having three AC terminals of R, S and T phases coupled between the connection of the rotor 102 and an intermediate DG circuit 142 that supplies a DG bus a capacitance C. The illustrated converter 100 also includes a dynamic braking circuit coupled through the intermediate DG bus 142 in parallel with the bus capacitance C, including a QDB transistor and an RDB resistor connected in series through the DG bus, with a diode DDB in parallel with the RDB resistor. The QDB transistor has a gate terminal controlled by a dynamic braking signal 172 from a dynamic braking controller 170, which may be part of the converter controller 200 in some embodiments.
    When the QDB dynamic braking transistor is in the on (conductive) condition, the RDB resistor is connected in parallel with the DC link capacitance C to selectively dissipate energy within the converter 100.
    In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, in addition, a series 110 damping equipment is connected in series with each of the connections of rotor 102 (3 phases in an example), although damping equipment 110 can alternatively or in combination be connected to the intermediate DC circuit 142 as seen in Figs. 4 and 5 below. As still shown in Fig. 2, the rotor-side converter 140 provides a three-phase rectifier circuit that includes antiparallel diodes D1-D6 (for example, unloaded) along with a rotor-side switching circuit composed of the corresponding switching devices S1-S6 (for example, IGBTs or other suitable switching devices) coupled between the AC connections R, S and T and the DC bus terminals of the intermediate circuit 142.
    The DFIG 100-based converter also includes a grid-side converter circuit 160 that has AC U, V and W terminals coupled to the connection of stator 104 via filter 180. In addition, the grid-side converter 160 is coupled to the DC circuit 142, and includes a network-side rectifier circuit with D7-D12 antiparallel rectifier diodes individually associated with the S7-S12 switching devices (for example, IGBTs or other suitable switching devices) of a switching side of the network.
    The DFIG 100-based converter operates in one of two modes during normal operation, with the converter circuit on the rotor side 140 supplying power from the connection of rotor 102 to DC circuit 142 in a first mode and supplying power from DC 142 to the connection of rotor 102 in a second mode, with switches S1-S6 functioning as a switching inverter. In the first mode, in addition, the converter circuit on the network side 160 acts as an inverter to supply energy from DC circuit 142 to the connection of stator 104 via switches S7-S12. In the second mode, the mains side converter 160 rectifies energy from the connection of stator 104 to load DC circuit 142 using rectifiers D7-D12. IGBTs S7-S12 and antiparallel diodes D7-D12 therefore work together to allow bidirectional energy flow in the 160-side converter. Similarly, rotor-side switches S1-S6 and corresponding diodes D1-D6 allow bidirectional flow in the converter on the rotor side 140.
    The operating mode of the illustrated converter 100 is established in normal operation according to the speed of the rotor, with the current of the rotor windings 42a being used in the first mode to supply the intermediate circuit 42 and the converter on the mains side functioning as a inverter to supply power to the grid when the rotor speed is above the nominal value corresponding to the grid frequency. For rotor speeds below the rated rotation speed, a portion of the stator power is supplied to rotor 42 via converter circuits 140, 160 operating in the second mode, with the network side circuit 160 acting as a rectifier to supply power to intermediate circuit 42 and the circuit on the rotor side 140 reversing the DC power supplied to the rotor windings 42a.
    As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, a 110 series damping equipment is provided in the DFIG 100 based converter, which is coupled in series between the rotor terminals 42a and the rotor side converter 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the 110 damping equipment is connected between the connection of the rotor 102 and the AC connections R, S, T of the converter on the side of the rotor 140, but other modes are possible in which a damping equipment series 110 is provided in the intermediate DC circuit 142 between the converter on the side of the rotor 140 and the mains side converter 160 (for example, Figs. 4 and 5 below). In the various AC damping modalities of Figs. 1-3, the damping equipment 110 includes one or more series 112 damping circuits that individually include a RAMORT series damping circuit resistance connected in series between one of the rotor terminals 42a and a corresponding terminal of the AC connections R, S, Converter T on the rotor side 140, together with a SAMORT bidirectional series damping switching circuit coupled in parallel with the resistance of the RAMORT series damping circuit.
    In operation, the SAMORT series damping switching circuit operates according to a damping control signal 122 coming from a damping controller 120 in order to bypass the resistance of the RAMORT series damping circuit and thus avoid current flow in the resistance of the RAMORT series damping circuit in a first mode. As seen by the parallel connection of the SAMORT switching circuit and the RAMORT resistor, The SAMORT switching circuit provides low impedance in this operating mode. In a second mode, the SAMORT series damping switching circuit has a high impedance path to allow current flow in the RAMORT series damping circuit resistance.
    With reference also to Figs. 6 and 7, any suitable RAMORT series damping circuit resistors and SAMORT series damping switching circuit can be used, where the SAMORT switching circuit is preferably bidirectional when in the first mode in order to allow AC current flow in both directions between the DFIG 42 rotor and the rotor side converter 140. In practice, the RAMORT damping resistance can be selected based on the parameters of the DFIG 100 based converter. In particular, the peak current on the associated rotor side the occurrence or removal of faults in the network depends at least in part on the total dispersion inductance and the dynamic impedance of the DFIG 100-based converter. In some embodiments, the total dispersion inductance can be estimated as approximately 5% of the mutual inductance. If it is desired to reduce the peak current by 50%, therefore, the RAMORT damping resistance can be selected to have a value approximately equal to the estimated dispersion reactance. The total impedance of the machine can be estimated as the sum of the rotor resistance and the stator resistance. This total machine impedance can be added to the estimated dispersion reactance, and the sum provides an estimate of the required RAMORT damping resistance that can be used to reduce current peaks on the rotor side by 50%.
    Fig. 6 illustrates a first bidirectional modality of the SAMORT switching circuit that includes a switching device based on semiconductor Q1, which can be any suitable switching device that operates in accordance with a switching control signal 122 from the controller. damping 120 (Fig. 1), including without limitation an IGBT as shown in Fig. 6. Also included in the SAMORT circuit are four diodes Dl-D4, and the SAMORT switching circuit is connected in parallel with the RAMORT damping resistor. In the first mode, the switching device Ql is switched on (low impedance between the collector and the emitter), therefore allowing current flow from the rotor of the DFIG 42 through diode Dl, then through transistor Ql, and then followed by diode D4 to the converter on the rotor side 140. The SAMORT circuit of Fig. 6 is bidirectional and therefore, in the first mode, current can flow in the reverse direction from the converter on the rotor side 140 through diode D3, then through transistor Q1, and then through diode D2 to the rotor of the DFIG 42. Therefore, the presentation of this low impedance path bypasses the RAMORT damping resistance through which AC current does not flow. In the second mode, the transistor Ql is turned off (high impedance between the collector and the emitter), and the configuration of the diodes D1-D4 prevents current flow through the SAMORT circuit and, therefore, the current that flows between the rotor of the DFIG 42 and the rotor side converter 140 flows through the RAMORT damping resistor •
    Fig. 7 illustrates another SAMORT bidirectional switching circuit modality that includes a pair of transistors Q1 and Q2 (for example, IGBTs in a non-limiting example) with control terminals connected to the damping control signal 122, as well as two diodes D1 and D2. As seen in the figure, each transistor is connected in series with one of the diodes with the emitter coupled to the diode anode in order to provide conductive path in the first mode from the transistor collector to the diode cathode. Each transistor and diode series circuit therefore forms a conductive path in one direction when the corresponding transistor is in the low impedance (on) condition. In addition, the SAMORT switching circuit includes two such branches, connected in an antiparallel relationship to each other, with the cathode of the first diode Dl connected to the converter on the rotor side 140 and the cathode of diode D2 connected to the rotor of the DFIG 42. This pair of antiparallel circuit branches is connected in parallel with the RAMORT damping resistor. In the first mode, the damping control signal 122 links both transistors QI and Q2 (low emitter-collector impedance), whereby current can flow from the rotor of the DFIG 42 through the converter on the rotor side 140 through the transistor Q1 and diode D1 or current can flow from the converter on the side of the rotor 140 in the direction of the rotor of the DFIG 42 through transistor Q2 and diode D2, thus bypassing the RAMORT damping resistance. In the second mode, however, both QI and Q2 transistors are switched off (high impedance), so current flows in both directions between the DFIG 42 rotor and the rotor side converter 140 through the RAMORT damping resistor •
    Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, the damping controller 120 sets the SAMORT series damping switching circuit mode at least partially based on a detected or anticipated grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal. In the illustrated embodiments, the damping controller 120 provides one or more damping control signals 122 to the 110 series damping equipment on its SAMORT damping circuit. Controller 120 can set the damping circuit mode by any suitable form of one or more signals or messages, such as electrical signaling suitable for establishing a base emitter voltage for the IGBT switching devices in the illustrated examples, or other control signals suitable switching devices 122. In other embodiments, controller 120 may send one or more messages to obtain the desired switching action via the SAMORT series damping switching circuit. Controller 120 can be any suitable hardware, software executed by a processor, programmable logic, circuitry, or combinations thereof. In a possible embodiment, the damping controller 120 can be implemented in a converter control based on processor 200 that also operates the switching operation of the converter on the rotor side 140 and / or the converter on the network side 160.
    As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, in addition, the damping controller 120 in some embodiments receives a fault detection signal 152 from a fault detection component 150, and can also receive one or more signals or feedback values from one or more sensors of the system (not shown), and other information, data, etc., which can take any suitable form such as an electrical signal, digital data, etc., and which can be received from any source, such as an external network, switches, a user interface associated with system 100 (not shown), or other suitable source (s). In a possible implementation, fault detection component 150 monitors each or both of the mains current and / or the mains voltage of suitable feedback systems or sensors, and selectively provides a signal 152 indicating that a fault has been detected. fault in the grid by the DFIG 100-based converter. In a non-limiting example, the fault detector 150 provides the signal 152 which indicates to the damping controller 120 that the grid voltage Vreci «has dropped below a predetermined limit value, the which indicates that a low voltage grid fault has occurred. In addition, the fault detector 150 can provide signal 152 in order to indicate to the damping controller 120 that a previously detected grid fault has been removed, such as by detecting that the network voltage Vrede has risen above it or a different predetermined limit. In other embodiments, the fault detection can be provided as a message 152 from the fault detector 150 to the damping controller 120.
    Based entirely or partially on this fault detection signal or message 152, the damping controller 120 provides the damping control signal 122 to the 110 series damping equipment to selectively bypass the RAMORT damping resistor OR allow current flow through the resistor RAMORT cushioning. In addition, as discussed further below, the damping controller 120, in response to detecting a fault occurrence or removal as indicated by signal 152 from fault detector 150, can trigger damping control signal 122 for the purpose of placing the switching device or devices of the damping equipment 110 in the second mode for a predetermined TAMORT time, after which signal 122 is changed for the purpose of putting the damping equipment 110 back in the first mode.
    In some embodiments, in addition, the damping controller 120 can selectively change the condition of the damping control signal 122 in order to put the damping equipment 110 back in the first mode based at least partially on one or more conditions of operation of the DFIG-based converter monitored. For example, the damping controller 120 can monitor the current or voltage of the stator, or the current or voltage of the rotor, and selectively switch the damping condition back to the first mode based on one or more of these monitored conditions. In one example, the damping controller 120 monitors the current of the iestator stator after the occurrence or removal of a fault has been detected, and switches the damping equipment 110 back to the first mode as soon as the stator current drops below a level. predetermined limit. In this way, controller 120 can selectively establish the time period during which the 120 series damping equipment remains in the damping mode.
    As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the DFIG 100-based converter also includes a converter control system 200 with a rotor-side control component 210 and a network-side control component 220, and damping controller 120 can be implemented as part of the control system of the converter 200 or can be implemented separately as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In some implementations, the control system 200 may have inputs to receive the fault detection signal 152, signals or feedback values from one or more sensors in the system (not shown), and other information, data, etc., which can take any suitable form such as an electrical signal, digital data, etc., and which can be received from any suitable source, such as an external network, switches, a user interface associated with system 100 ( not shown), or other suitable source (s). The control system 200 and its components can be any suitable form of hardware, software run by processor, firmware run by processor, logic, or combinations thereof that are adapted to implement the functions illustrated and described here. In operation, the control system 200 operates the back-to-back converter stages 140 and 160 providing control signals or values, with the control component on the rotor side 210 providing switching control signals from the rotor 211 to operate the rotor-side converter switches S1-S6 and the network-side control component 220 providing switching control signals 221 to the network-side converter stage switches S7-S12 for their associated energy conversion functions.
    As seen in Fig. 3, some embodiments that use the 110 series damping equipment on the AC path between the rotor 42 and the rotor side converter 140 may include a RAMORT damping resistor on not all rotor lines. The example in Fig. 3 is a three-phase case in which a RAMORT damping resistance is provided in two of the three rotor phrases (for example, phases "S" and "T"), while damping resistance is not provided in the first phase "R". In preferred embodiments, a RAMORT damping resistance is provided in at least two of the AC phase lines of the rotor in the three-phase situation. In addition, in a single-phase case, a single RAMORT damping resistor can be provided in any of the phase lines of the DFIG 42 rotor.
    Fig. 4 illustrates a modality that uses selective DC damping in which the damping equipment 110 includes damping circuits 112 coupled on both the positive and negative lines of the DC link of the intermediate circuit 142 between the rotor side converter 140 and the converter on the network side 160. In this mode, in addition, the series 110 damping equipment is positioned between the DC connections of the rotor side converter 140 and the C capacitance of the bus to dampen the current flow between the rotor side converter 140 and the DC bus capacitance C. In these modalities, the switching devices of the SAMORT damping circuit are normally in the low impedance condition in order to bypass the RAMORT damping resistors, and the damping control signal 122 causes the SAMORT switches to open (high impedance condition) ) to cause the DC link current to flow through the RAMORT damping resistors. Signal 122 is provided by damping controller 120 (for example, Figs. 1 and 2) as described above in response to occurrence detection / anticipation and / or fault removal in the network.
    Fig. 8 illustrates an exemplary damping equipment 110 with a bidirectional switching device SAMORT that includes a single IGBT Ql and four diodes D1-D4 generally as described above in connection with Fig. 6, where the switching device SAMORT is connected in parallel with a RAMORT damping resistor between the converter on the rotor side 140 and the capacitance C of the DC link 142.
    Fig. 5 illustrates another DC damping mode in which the 110 series damping equipment provides a damping circuit 112 with a RAMORT resistor and a SAMORT switching device connected in parallel on only one of the DC bus lines. Fig. 5 illustrates a case in which the 110 series damping equipment is connected to the upper (for example, positive) line of the DC bus, but other modes are possible in which the 110 series damping equipment is connected to the lower line (for example, example, negative) of the DC bus.
    With reference to Figs. 9-11, Fig. 9 illustrates a graph 300 showing waveforms of the voltage in the stator, current in the rotor and current in the converter stator based on DFIG, 302, 304 and 306, respectively, in a converter based on Conventional DFIG that does not use the series damping concepts of the present disclosure. As seen in graph 300, the current in rotor 304 and the current in stator 306 have amplitudes related according to the number of turns of the rotor and stator windings in the DFIG 40. After the occurrence of a balanced fault of voltage drop in the network , the voltage at stator 302 decreases significantly, the current at stator 306 increases, and the current at rotor 304 increases to a very large peak 304a, which in some cases may be approximately three times greater than the rated current of the rotor. Similarly, after removing the grid fault, the voltage at stator 302 returns to its normal level, causing a peak in the current of stator 306 as well as a very large peak 304b in the current of rotor 304.
    Figs. 10 and 11 represent the operation of the illustrated DFIG-based converter 100 for the same type of balanced fault in network 50. Fig. 10 shows a graph 310 that illustrates the waveforms of the voltage in the stator, current in the rotor and current in the stator 312, 314 and 316, respectively. As seen in Fig. 10, when the voltage at stator 312 drops in the event of a voltage drop in the network, the current in rotor 314 is peaked 314a, and is also peaked 314b after removal of the fault voltage drop, but the use of the 110 series damping equipment driven by the damping controller 120 as described above in response to both the occurrence and the removal of the mains fault significantly reduces the amplitude of the current spikes on the rotor 314a and 314b in comparison with those peaks 304a and 304b seen in the conventional case shown in Fig. 9.
    A graph 320 in Fig. 11 illustrates DC bus voltage curves, damping control signal and stator voltage 321, 122 and 322, respectively, for the balanced fault condition represented in Fig. 10. As noted above, when the damping controller 120 receives fault detection signal 152 from fault detector 150, controller 120 supplies damping control signal 122 to series 110 damping equipment, shown as a low active damping control signal 122 in Fig. 11. As seen in curve 321 of Fig. 11, in addition, the inclusion of the RAMORT damping resistance in the AC or DC lines coupled to the rotor side converter successfully dampens the DC link current so that voltage fluctuations in the DC VDC bus are attenuated while the damping control signal 122 is in the low active condition. As previously discussed, in some embodiments, the damping controller 120 keeps the series 110 damping equipment in the second mode (damping condition) for a period of TAMORT time that can be constant. In other embodiments, the TAMORT on time of the damping control signal 122 is selectively set according to one or more monitored operating parameters of the DFIG 100-based converter (for example, maintained until the current in the stator 316 is reduced below of a predetermined limit in some modalities).
    Figs. 12-14 illustrate the conventional and damped series performance during grid faults that involve two of the network phases being short-circuited to earth. Fig. 12 shows a graph 400 that shows the waveforms of the DC bus voltage, motor speed, rotor current and dynamic braking current 402, 404, 406 and 408, respectively, in a conventional DFIG controller during such fault condition. As seen in this graph 400, the current in the rotor 406 again undergoes significantly high peaks after the occurrence of the voltage drop in the network and then after the removal of the drop.
    Fig. 13 shows a graph 410 that shows the waveforms of the DC bus voltage, motor speed, rotor current and dynamic braking current 412, 414, 416 and 418 in the exemplary DFIG-based converter 100 that has the cushioning equipment 110 series and cushioning controller 120 as described above. As seen in curve 416 of Fig. 13, the current excursions in rotor 416 are significantly attenuated by the successful application of the damping equipment 110 to selectively insert the RAMORT damping resistance (s) into the path (s) ) AC or DC conduction coupled to the rotor side converter 140 as described above. Fig. 14 shows a graph 420 that illustrates the voltage and current waveforms in stator 422, 421 together with the damping control signal 122, which may have a fixed or adapted connected TAMORT time as described above.
    Referring now to Fig. 15, a method 500 for operating the DFIG-based converter (for example, converter 100 above) is illustrated according to additional aspects of the present disclosure. Although the exemplary method 500 is illustrated and described below as a series of actions or events, the methods of the present disclosure are not limited by the illustrated ordering of such actions or events. For example, some actions may occur in different orders and / or concurrently with actions or events in addition to those illustrated and / or described here, and not all illustrated steps may be necessary to implement the methodology in accordance with the disclosure.
    At 502 in Fig. 15, the network is monitored for voltage drop or other fault conditions, and a determination is made at 504 to see if a voltage drop has been detected in the network. If not (NOT at 504), network monitoring continues at 502. As soon as a voltage drop in the network (or other type of network fault) is detected (YES at 504), a series damping circuit is activated at 506 in response to the occurrence of the detected fault. For example, after receiving a signal 152 from the fault detector 150 indicating that a fault has been detected in the network, the damping controller 120 described above provides a damping control signal 122 to the 110 series damping equipment to activate the (s) SAMORT switching device (s) to allow current flow through its RAMORT damping resistor (s). In some embodiments, the 112 series damping circuit is kept in the active condition for a fixed period of time, after which the 112 damping circuit can be deactivated. In the illustrated mode, the damping circuit 112 remains activated and the current in the stator or other operating conditions of the DFIG controller is monitored at 508. A determination is made at 510 to see if the current in the monitored stator has decreased below a predetermined limit . If not (NOT at 510), process 500 continues at 508 to monitor the current in the stator. As soon as the current in the monitored stator has decreased below the limit (YES at 510), the series 110 damping equipment is deactivated at 512. In this way, the selective activation of the damping equipment 110 can advantageously suppress or dampen current peaks in the converter on the rotor side 140 of the converter based on DFIG 100.
    At 514 in Fig. 15, the network is monitored to remove the previously detected fault. A determination is made in 516 to see if the voltage drop in the network has been removed and, if not (NO in 516), monitoring continues in 514. After the network fault has been removed (YES in 516), the series 110 damping is activated again at 518 and the current in the stator is monitored at 520. A determination is made at 522 to see whether the current in the stator has decreased below a predetermined limit (which can be the same limit used in 510 or the which can be a different threshold value). If the current in the stator remains above the limit (NOT at 522), the current in the stator continues to be monitored at 520. As soon as the current in the stator falls below the limit (YES at 522), the series damping equipment is deactivated in 524, and process 500 returns to 502 where the network is again monitored for the occurrence of one or more faults in the network.
    In accordance with additional aspects of the present disclosure, a non-transient, computer readable, tangible medium is provided, such as a computer memory, a memory within a power converter control system (eg, damping controller 120 and the various components of the DFIG 100-based converter described above), a CD-ROM, floppy disk, flash drive, database, server, computer, etc.) that includes instructions executable by computer to perform the methods described above.
    Circuit topologies and techniques are therefore presented here to facilitate the suppression of current flow through the converter on the rotor side 140 after or in response to the occurrence and / or removal of faults in the network, either detected or predicted. As mentioned above, although the equipment 110, 120 and processes using these series damping concepts have been illustrated and described in the context of a voltage drop in the network, these concepts can be advantageously used in association with any other type of fault. In operation, these techniques advantageously insert additional damping resistance in one or more paths along which the transient voltage in the rotor loads the capacitance C of the DC link bus 142, either positioned between the rotor windings 42a and the AC R connections, S, T of the rotor side converter 140 and / or between the DC connections of the rotor side converter 140 and the capacitance C of the DC link. The selective inclusion of damping resistance can reduce the levels of current peaks previously associated with grid faults, particularly for DFIG 40 architectures that have a high ratio of turns between rotor 42 and stator 44. The suppression of voltage peaks and current at the rotor terminals, in turn, reduces the likelihood of false tripping of the overcurrent or overvoltage protection circuits in the DFIG 100-based converter, thereby facilitating continued operation of the converter on the rotor side 140 in order to assist in support missing network. In addition, the inclusion of damping resistors can reduce requirements on (or the need for) any dynamic braking circuits included QDB, RDB, DDB, etc. and associated controls 170.
    The above examples are merely illustrative of several possible modalities of various aspects of the present invention, where equivalent changes and / or modifications will occur to those skilled in the art after reading and understanding this specification and the accompanying drawings. Namely with regard to the various functions performed by the components described above (assemblies, devices, systems, circuits, and the like), the terms (including a reference to "means") used to describe such components are intended to correspond, not to otherwise indicated, to any component, such as hardware, software executed by processor, or combinations thereof, that performs the specified function of the described component (ie, that is functionally equivalent), even if not structurally equivalent to the structure. disclosed that performs the function in the illustrated implementations of the invention. In addition, although a specific feature of the invention may have been described in relation to only one of several implementations, that feature can be combined with one or more other features of other implementations as may be desired or advantageous for any given or specific application. Also, insofar as the terms "including", "includes", "possessing", "has", "with", or their variants are used in the detailed description and / or in the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a similar way to the term "comprising".
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    1. Energy conversion system (100) for a double-feed induction generator, DFIG, (40), comprising: a rotor side converter (140) comprising several AC connections that can be connected to the rotor terminals (42a) of the DFIG and several DG connections coupled to a DG circuit (142); a network-side converter (160) comprising several DC connections coupled to the DC circuit and several AC connections attachable to the stator terminals (44a) of the DFIG; characterized by the fact that: a series damping equipment (110) coupled in series between the DFIG rotor terminals and the network side converter, the series damping equipment comprising at least one series damping circuit (112) which includes a series damping circuit resistance (RAMORT) coupled in series between one of the DFIG rotor terminals and the network side converter, and a series damping switching circuit (SAMORT) coupled in parallel with the series damping circuit resistance , the series damping switching circuit operating in a first mode to bypass the resistance of the series damping circuit to prevent current flow in the resistance of the series damping circuit and in a second mode to allow current flow in the resistance of the damping circuit series; and a damping controller (120) which functions to control the mode of the series damping switching circuit based at least partially on a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal.
    [0002]
    2. Energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the series damping equipment comprises at least two series damping circuits individually coupled between a corresponding terminal of the DFIG rotor terminals and a corresponding connection of the AC connections of the rotor side converter.
    [0003]
    3. Energy conversion system according to claim 2, characterized in that the series damping equipment comprises several series damping circuits individually coupled between a corresponding terminal of the DFIG rotor terminals and a corresponding connection of the AC connections of the converter on the side of the rotor, with a series damping circuit connected in series to each of the DFIG rotor terminals.
    [0004]
    4. Energy conversion system, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the series damping switching circuits are bidirectional.
    [0005]
    5. Energy conversion system according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the damping controller works to provide a damping control signal to the series damping equipment to establish the mode of the damping switching circuits, and by the fact that damping controller providing the damping control signal to adjust the damping switching circuits for the second mode for a fixed time in response to a detected grid fault occurrence or in response to a detected grid fault removal.
    [0006]
    6. Power conversion system according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the damping controller works to provide a damping control signal to the series damping equipment to establish the mode of the damping switching circuits, and by the fact that damping controller providing the damping control signal to adjust the damping switching circuits for the second mode for an adjustable period of time in response to a detected grid fault occurrence or in response to a detected grid fault removal and then provide a damping control signal to adjust the damping switching circuits for the first mode based on a current value in the monitored stator or rotor.
    [0007]
    7. Power conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that the series damping equipment comprises at least one series damping circuit coupled between the DC connections of the rotor side converter and the DC connections of the converter side side network.
    [0008]
    8. Energy conversion system according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the series damping equipment comprises several series damping circuits coupled between the DC connections of the rotor side and the DC connections of the converter on the network side.
    [0009]
    9. Energy conversion system, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that at least one series damping switching circuit is bidirectional.
    [0010]
    10. Energy conversion system according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that at least one series damping switching circuit is bidirectional.
    [0011]
    11. Power conversion system according to claim 2, characterized in that the damping controller works to provide a damping control signal to the series damping equipment to establish the mode of at least one damping switching circuit, and in that the damping controller provides the damping control signal to set the at least one damping switching circuit to the second mode for a fixed time in response to a detected fault occurrence in the network or in response to a fault removal on the detected network.
    [0012]
    12. Power conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping controller works to provide a damping control signal to the series damping equipment to establish the mode of at least one damping switching circuit, and in that the damping controller provides the damping control signal to set the at least one damping switching circuit to the second mode for an adjustable period of time in response to a detected network fault occurrence or in response to a removal fault in the detected network and then provide a damping control signal to adjust the at least one damping switching circuit for the first mode based on a current value in the monitored stator or rotor.
    [0013]
    13. Energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the rotor-side converter comprises a rotor-side rectifier circuit and a rotor-side switching circuit, where the rotor-side converter works when a DFIG rotor speed is above a nominal value to supply power from the rotor terminals to the DG circuit using the rotor side rectifier circuit, and where the rotor side converter works when the rotor speed is below the nominal value to supply power from the DG circuit to the rotor terminals using the rotor-side rectifier circuit; and because the network side converter comprises a network side rectifier circuit and a network side switching circuit, where the network side converter works when the rotor speed is above the nominal value to supply power from the DG circuit to the stator terminals using the network side switching circuit, and where the network side converter works when the rotor speed is below the nominal value to supply power from the stator terminals to the DG circuit using the rectifier circuit on the network side.
    [0014]
    14. Method of operation of a converter (100) for a double-feed induction generator, DFIG, (40), the method characterized by comprising: selective activation of at least one series damping circuit (112) to conduct current through a resistance of the series damping circuit (RAMORT) coupled in series between one of the various rotor terminals (42a) of a DFIG rotor and a grid-side converter (160) of the converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a a fault removal in the network; and selective contouring of the series damping circuit resistance to prevent current flow in the series damping circuit resistance some time after activation of at least one series damping circuit.
    [0015]
    15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by further comprising monitoring at least one DFIG operating condition and establishing the time period based at least partially on at least one DFIG operating condition.
    [0016]
    16. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the selective activation of at least one series damping circuit comprises conduction of AC current through the resistance of the series damping circuit coupled in series between one of the various rotor terminals of the rotor and a converter on the rotor side of the converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the selective activation of at least one series damping circuit comprises conduction of DC current through the resistance of the series damping circuit coupled in series between one of the converter terminals on the rotor side of the converter and the grid-side converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault clearing.
    [0018]
    18. Computer-readable medium, comprising computer-executable instructions for operating a converter (100) for a double-feed induction generator, DFIG, (40), the computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions characterized by: selectively activating the at least one series damping circuit (112) to conduct current through a series damping circuit resistor (RAMORT) coupled in series between one of the various rotor terminals (42a) of a DFIG rotor and a network-side converter ( 160) of the converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal; and selectively bypass the resistance of the series damping circuit to prevent current flow in the resistance of the series damping circuit some time after activation of at least one series damping circuit.
    [0019]
    19. Computer-readable medium, according to claim 18, characterized by further comprising instructions executable by computer for monitoring at least one DFIG operating condition and establishing the time period based at least partially on at least one operating condition of DFIG.
    [0020]
    20. Computer readable medium according to claim 18, characterized by further comprising computer-executable instructions for conducting AC current through the resistance of the series damping circuit coupled in series between one of the various rotor rotor terminals and a converter on the rotor side 10 of the converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal.
    [0021]
    21. Computer-readable medium according to claim 18, further comprising computer-executable instructions for conducting DC current through the resistance of the series damping circuit coupled in series between one of the converter terminals on the rotor side of the converter and the grid-side converter in response to a grid fault occurrence or a grid fault removal.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2810593C|2019-11-05|
    US9590547B2|2017-03-07|
    EP2644885A3|2017-12-27|
    BR102013007059A2|2015-07-07|
    CN103560680A|2014-02-05|
    US20130249501A1|2013-09-26|
    US20150229257A1|2015-08-13|
    CA2810593A1|2013-09-26|
    CN103560680B|2016-08-17|
    EP2644885A2|2013-10-02|
    US9041234B2|2015-05-26|
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    法律状态:
    2015-07-07| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2015-07-28| B03H| Publication of an application: rectification [chapter 3.8 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE A RPI 2322 DE 07/07/2015, QUANTO AO ITEM (57). |
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-12| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/03/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2022-01-18| B21F| Lapse acc. art. 78, item iv - on non-payment of the annual fees in time|Free format text: REFERENTE A 9A ANUIDADE. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/430,504|US9041234B2|2012-03-26|2012-03-26|Double fed induction generatorconverter and method for improved grid fault ridethrough|
    US13/430,504|2012-03-26|
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